改良Devine治疗小儿隐匿性阴茎158例分析

目的总结改良Devine治疗小儿隐匿性阴茎的效果。方法对158例小儿隐匿性阴茎患者采用改良Devine术式治疗,阴茎皮肤完全脱套后,切除发育异常的纤维肉膜组织,阴茎根部皮肤固定成角。结果 158例患儿术后阴茎均显露良好。随访105例,随访2~38个月,105例患儿阴茎均发育正常,效果满意。结论改良Devine术式是治疗小儿隐匿性阴茎的理想术式。该术式操作简单,术后恢复快,并发症少,治疗效果满意。     

胰腺癌精准术前评估的现状及挑战

胰腺癌是致死率极高的恶性肿瘤。历经百余年的发展, 胰腺癌的外科治疗技术虽然取得了显著进步, 但对患者的生存改善仍差强人意。随着肿瘤治疗理念的发展、精准医学的兴起, 以外科为中心的多学科团队诊疗模式逐步成为主流, 做好胰腺癌的术前精准评估成为进一步改善患者预后的突破口。本文着重从精准评估的角度, 对胰腺癌的术前诊断与分期、可切除性的综合评估、新辅助治疗策略的选择, 以及新辅助治疗效果评估等方面的进展进行综述, 并探讨其中的不足与挑战, 以期使胰腺癌的术前评估更加精准、全面, 并为将来的研究提供参考。     

Evaluation of official procedures for suicide prevention in hospital from a forensic psychiatric and a risk management perspective

Abstract

Background: Suicide is a severe public health problem, in 2008 the Italian ministerial recommendation n° 4 on the management of suicide defined key areas for the identification of suicidal risk in hospital wards. The guidelines are important in defining professional liability issues, in line with Law 24 of 8/3/2017 ‘Gelli-Bianco’. Our study aimed to investigate the appropriateness of the official documents on suicide prevention delivered by Italian hospitals and their compliance with the ministerial recommendation.

Methods: The Italian hospitals’ public procedures on suicide prevention issued between 2008 and 2019 (n?=?33) were retrieved thorough web search and further evaluated according to their compliance with the 2008 Italian ministerial recommendations.

Results: The guidelines documents were generally in line with the ministerial recommendation. However, we found a lack of implementation in the specific training of health professionals. Most guidelines provided no risk stratification, nor specific procedures for different risk degrees or diagnoses. More than half of the documents did not report standardised tools for the assessment of suicidal risk.

Conclusions: The public procedures on suicide prevention in Italian hospitals present general indications, leaving room for interpretation. Public procedures should be implemented with greater attention to the elements of judgement in the assessment of suicidal risk.

• KEY POINTS

• Procedures for suicide prevention are of uttermost importance for psychiatrist working in hospital.

• Standards in suicide risk evaluations are needed.

• Comparison between procedures can improve risk assessment and evaluation

     

Efficacy of the intracorporeal one-hand tie technique for renal pedicle control during hand-assisted retroperitoneoscopic nephroureterectomy

ObjectiveThis study examined the efficacy of the intracorporeal one-hand tie technique for renal pedicle control during hand-assisted retroperitoneoscopic nephroureterectomy (HARN).MethodsThe intracorporeal one-hand tie technique was conducted in 32 consecutive patients with upper tract urothelial cancer that underwent HARN and open bladder cuff excision.ResultsAll suture ligatures were successful in securing the renal vessels, except one minor venous bleeding that occurred during vessel transection, which was then controlled by additional clips. The process of controlling the renal pedicle took an average of 12.4 minutes (range, 8–30 minutes). No pedicle control related morbidities were noted. By sparing the usage of endovascular clips and staplers, operative costs were reduced and associated malfunctions eliminated.ConclusionThe intracorporeal one-hand tie technique is an easy, reliable, and cost-effective method in controlling the renal pedicle during HARN. Its efficacy in pedicle control is beyond doubt.     

Surgical margin length and location affect recurrence rates after robotic prostatectomy

BackgroundRobotic-assisted laparoscopic radical prostatectomy is a current standard treatment for localized prostate cancer, with treatment failure defined by biochemical recurrence (BCR). Open radical prostatectomy series have identified the presence of a positive surgical margin (PSM) as a predictor of long-term recurrence, a measure that is affected by the surgeon׳s skill. We evaluate the effect of PSM parameters on BCR rates from robotic-assisted laparoscopic radical prostatectomy, across 3 high-volume institutions.MethodsDe-identifiable clinicopathological and histopathological data were prospectively collected for 4,001 patients with at least 3 years of follow-up. Kaplan-Meier plots and 3 statistical models were used to evaluate the effect of margin parameters on BCR, via crude rates, traditional multivariable Cox regression, and a propensity-adjusted Cox regression model.ResultsOverall, 37% of men with a PSM developed BCR compared with 10% of men with negative margins (hazard ratio [HR] = 1.81, 95% CI: 1.47–2.22). Length ≥3 mm or a multifocal positive margin was associated with a higher risk of BCR compared with negative margin cases. On multivariable Cox regression analysis of the positive margin cohort, only apical margins significantly predicted BCR relative to basal margins (HR = 2.03, 95% CI: 1.01–4.09), whereas there was no significant difference in BCR rates for posterolateral margins relative to basal margins (HR = 1.62, 95% CI: 0.84–3.11). Propensity-adjusted modeling confirmed a greater effect of apical compared with posterolateral PSM.ConclusionsA PSM length ≥3 mm is predictive of BCR, as is to a lesser extent multiple positive margins. In contrast to open prostatectomy series, posterolateral margins carry a smaller risk of BCR compared with apical margins.     

The clinical anatomy of accessory mental nerves and foramina

Since three‐dimensional computed tomography was developed, many researchers have described accessory mental foramina. The anatomical and radiological findings have been discussed, but details of accessory mental nerves (AMNs) have only been researched in a small number of anatomical and clinical cases. For this article, we reviewed the literature relating to accessory mental foramina (AMFs) and nerves to clarify aspects important for clinical situations. The review showed that the distribution pattern of the AMN can differ according to the position of the accessory mental foramen, and the reported incidence of AMFs differs among observation methods. A review of clinical cases also revealed that injury to large AMF can result in paresthesia. This investigation did not reveal all aspects of AMNs and AMFs, but will be useful for diagnosis and treatment by many dentists and oral and maxillofacial surgeons. Clin. Anat. 28:848–856, 2015. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.     

责任制整体护理在结直肠外科病房的实现

目的：探讨责任制整体护理在结直肠外科病房的实施的可能性及实施效果。方法：总结责任制整体护理在某三级甲等医院结直肠外科病房的试验实施方案，调查执行该护理模式前后出院患者的满意程度和临床护理质量，并进行统计学分析。结果：试验执行责任制整体护理后，患者对临床护理的满意程度大幅提高，科室的临床护理质量也有显著提升，但是在护理文件整理方面仍有待调整。结论：责任制整体护理模式在结直肠外科病房可以实现，且能提高患者的满意程度和护理质量，深入实施后，能为患者提供更优质的临床护理服务。